Applied mineral exploration methods, hydrothermal fluids, baro-acoustic decrepitation, CO2 rich fluids
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New model 216 decreptiometer

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Forensic tests on soil samples

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Do IOCG deposits form from CO2 fluids?

How CO2 inclusions form from aqueous fluids (UPDATED)

Understanding heterogeneous fluids : why gold is not transported in CO2-only fluids

Gold-quartz deposits form from aqueous - CO2 fluids: NOT from CO2-only fluids


Discussions why H2 analysis by mass spectrometry is wrong



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Kalgoorlie Au data

Sangan skarn Fe deposits, Iran

Studies of 6 Pegmatite deposits

A study of the Gejiu tin mine, China


Exploration using palaeo-hydrothermal fluids

Using opaque minerals to understand ore fluids


Understanding baro-acoustic decrepitation.

An introduction to fluid inclusions and mineral exploration applications.



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Black Bull, Nova Scotia, Silica project samples

Collected from dumps on site, July 25 2002

Kingsley Burlinson
Burlinson Geochemical Services Pty. Ltd.
Darwin  NT  Australia

During a brief visit on the PACROFII conference tour, 9 quartz samples were collected from the accessible dumps at the site.

Decrepitation analyses were carried out on 0.5 grams of each sample and the results are plotted in the following 2 graphs.

Discussion

These samples are all very similar, indicating the homogeneity of the deposit - at least in the area represented by the samples collected. It is not common to see such consistency of decrepigrams in a group of 9 quartz samples - even samples in close proximity to each other.  This suggests a quartz origin from a single depositional event, possibly over a limited time span, from a single fluid composition at a single temperature. There is no evidence in these samples for a gradual cooling of the formational fluids during the deposition of this quartz. The samples also show unusually symmetrical peaks and lack much decrepitation at the quartz inversion temperature of 573 C. This again suggests a very uniform set of fluid inclusions with uniform size and composition.

There does seem to be a slight difference between samples 1606 (2003A) and 1610 (2003E) and the other 3 samples in the first plot. These 2 samples have a "tail" of decrepitation leading up to the main peak, which is absent on the other 3 samples. In addition, there is a hint that the main peak is at slightly lower temperature (450C) instead of 460C as seen on the remaining 3 samples and the samples in the second plot. However a 10 C temperature difference is not reliably measurable given the instrumentation reproducibility limits, and is only tentative.
 

Conclusions

The Black Bull silica deposit samples are remarkably homogenous and formed from a fluid with a single stable fluid temperature and  of constant composition composition. This is unlike typical hydrothermal quartz. The lack of low temperature decrepitation below 350 C indicates very low to no CO2 component (or other non-condensible gases) in the parent fluid.
 


 
 

Run h1606, Sample 2003A, Black Bull silica   N44-04-00  W65-34-00
  Milky white very coarse (3cm xtals) qz
Run h1607, Sample 2003B, Black Bull silica   N44-04-00  W65-34-00
  Milky white coarse qz
Run h1608, Sample 2003C, Black Bull silica   N44-04-00  W65-34-00
  Milky white coarse qz
Run h1609, Sample 2003D, Black Bull silica   N44-04-00  W65-34-00
  Milky white coarse qz
Run h1610, Sample 2003E, Black Bull silica   N44-04-00  W65-34-00
  Milky white coarse qz
 
 


 

Sample 2003F (red above) was examined microscopically to try and understand the unusually narrow decrepitation peak.

Run h1611, Sample 2003F, Black Bull silica   N44-04-00  W65-34-00
  Milky white coarse qz
Run h1612, Sample 2003G, Black Bull silica   N44-04-00  W65-34-00
  Milky white coarse qz with minor clear coarse (3mm) vug fill qz
Run h1613, Sample 2003H, Black Bull silica   N44-04-00  W65-34-00
  milky white coarse qz with 2% coarse (10mm) vug fill quartz
Run h1614, Sample 2003I, Black Bull silica   N44-04-00  W65-34-00
  milky white coarse qz with 1% coarse (5mm) clear vug fill quartz